โรคพาร์กินสัน หรือโรคสั่นสันนิบาต

โรคพาร์กินสัน หรือโรคสั่นสันนิบาต

โรคพาร์กินสัน เป็นโรคทางระบบประสาทที่พบได้บ่อยในผู้สูงอายุ เริ่มเป็นที่รู้จักในวงการแพทย์ตั้งแต่ราวสองร้อยปีก่อน โดยในอดีตมักเข้าใจว่าโรคนี้มีความผิดปกติที่ไขสันหลัง แต่ปัจจุบันนี้ทราบชัดแล้ว่า พยาธิสภาพของโรคพาร์กินสัน เกิดขึ้นที่เนื้อสมองส่วนลึก ในระยะแรก ๆ ของโรคแพทย์จะยังไม่สามารถวินิจฉัยได้ แต่เมื่อติดตามผู้ป่วยไปสักระยะหนึ่งอาการต่าง ๆ ก็จะปรากฎชัดเจนขึ้น

กลไกการเกิดโรคพาร์กินสันนั้น เกี่ยวข้องกับสารเคมีในสมองก็คือ โดพามีน และอะซิทิลโคลีน โดยปกติจะอยู่ในสภาวะสมดุล แต่เมื่อเซลล์สมองที่สร้างโดพามีนตายไปก็จะเสียสมดุล จนทำให้ร่างกายเสียสมดุล เคลื่อนไหวผิดปกติ จนกลายเป็นโรคพาร์กินสัน ซึ่งอาการทางระบบประสาทที่โดดเด่นของพาร์กินสันมีอยู่สามประกอรได้แก่ อาการเกร็ง สั่น และเคลื่อนไหวได้ช้า

แนวทางในการรักษาโรคพาร์กินสัน มีหลักก็คือต้องเพิ่มระดับของสารโดพามีนในสมอง ด้วยการให้ยาหรือการกระตุ้นสมองให้สร้างโดปามีนเพิ่มขึ้น เพื่อบรรเทาอาการต่าง ๆ ของโรคและป้องกันโรคแทรกซ้อน แต่สำหรับผู้ที่ใช้ยาไม่ได้ผลก็จะเป็นการผ่าตัดด้วยการฝังเครื่องกระตุ้นไฟฟ้าในสมอง ซึ่งหลังการรักษาผู้ป่วยจะมีอาการดีขึ้นอย่างเห็นได้ชัดและสามารถดำเนินชีวิตตามปกติได้ นอกจากนี้ยังมีวิธีปลูกถ่ายเซลล์ต้นกำเนิดหรือสเต็มเซลล์, การรักษาด้วยสารกระตุ้นเซลล์ ที่กำลังอยู่ในระหว่างการวิจัย, การรักษาด้วยยีนบำบัด ก็ยังอยู่ในระหว่างขั้นตอนการทดลองวิจัยเช่นกัน

การดูแลผู้ป่วยโรคพาร์กินสัน จำเป็นต้องมีผู้ดูแลใกล้ชิด

– ป้องกันมิให้เดินหกล้มด้วยการเลือกสวมรองเท้าที่มีพื้นยาง เก็บกวาดของใช้ในบ้านบนพื้นอย่างให้เกะกะ ติดตั้งราวจับไว้ในห้องน้ำ ทางเดินและบันได

– ช่วยให้ผู้ป่วยได้ออกกำลังกายบริหารร่างกายตามสมควรและสม่ำเสมอ จะทำให้ผู้ป่วยไม่มีอาการซึมเศร้าด้วย

– ผู้ป่วยพาร์กินสันอาจท้องผูกได้ง่าย เพราะการบีบตัวของลำไส้จะผิดปกติ

แม้ในอดีตโรคนี้จะทำให้ผู้ป่วยเคลื่อนไหวไม่ได้ จนต้องนอนกับเตียงจนตายเพราะโรคแทรกซ้อน แต่ในปัจจบันนี้เทคโนโลยีทางการแพทย์สามารถทำให้ผู้ป่วยใช้ชีวิตได้เช่นเดียวกับคนทั่วไป คุณภาพชีวิตผู้ป่วยโรคพาร์กินสันจึงดีขึ้นและมีอายุยืนยาวขึ้นอีกด้วย

 


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224 responses to “โรคพาร์กินสัน หรือโรคสั่นสันนิบาต”

  1. Automatic takeoffs are coming for passenger jets and they’re going to redraw the map of the sky
    kra8 cc

    In late 1965, at what’s now London Heathrow airport, a commercial flight coming from Paris made history by being the first to land automatically.

    The plane – A Trident 1C operated by BEA, which would later become British Airways – was equipped with a newly developed extension of the autopilot (a system to help guide the plane’s path without manual control) known as “autoland.”

    Today, automatic landing systems are installed on most commercial aircraft and improve the safety of landings in difficult weather or poor visibility.

    Now, nearly 60 years later, the world’s third largest aircraft manufacturer, Brazil’s Embraer, is introducing a similar technology, but for takeoffs.

    Called “E2 Enhanced Take Off System,” after the family of aircraft it’s designed for, the technology would not only improve safety by reducing pilot workload, but it would also improve range and takeoff weight, allowing the planes that use it to travel farther, according to Embraer.

    “The system is better than the pilots,” says Patrice London, principal performance engineer at Embraer, who has worked on the project for over a decade. ”That’s because it performs in the same way all the time. If you do 1,000 takeoffs, you will get 1,000 of exactly the same takeoff.”

    Embraer, London adds, has already started flight testing, with the aim to get it approved by aviation authorities in 2025, before introducing it from select airports.

  2. 7 simple secrets to eating the Mediterranean way
    kraken onion
    What if “diet” wasn’t a dirty word?

    During Suzy Karadsheh’s childhood in Port Said, Egypt, diet culture was nonexistent.

    “My parents emphasized joy at the table, rather than anything else,” Karadsheh said. “I grew up with Mediterranean lifestyle principles that celebrate eating with the seasons, eating mostly whole foods and above all else, sharing.”

    But when Karadsheh moved to the United States at age 16, she witnessed people doing detoxes or restricting certain food groups or ingredients. Surrounded by that narrative and an abundance of new foods in her college dining hall, she says she “gained the freshman 31 instead of the freshman 15.” When she returned home to Egypt that summer, “I eased back into eating the Mediterranean food that I grew up with. During the span of about two months, I shed all of that weight without thinking I was ever on a diet.”
    To help invite joy back to the table for others — and to keep her family’s culinary heritage alive for her two daughters (now 14 and 22) — Atlanta-based Karadsheh launched The Mediterranean Dish food blog 10 years ago. Quickly, her table started getting filled with more than just her friends and family.

    “I started receiving emails from folks whose doctors had prescribed the Mediterranean diet and were seeking approachable recipes,” Karadsheh said. The plant-based eating lifestyle, often rated the world’s best diet, can reduce the risk for diabetes, high cholesterol, dementia, memory loss and depression, according to research. What’s more, the meal plan has been linked to stronger bones, a healthier heart and longer life.

    Preparing meals the Mediterranean way, according to Karadsheh, can help you “eat well and live joyfully. To us, ‘diet’ doesn’t mean a list of ‘eat this’ and ‘don’t eat that.’” Instead of omission, Karadsheh focuses on abundance, asking herself, “what can I add to my life through this way of living? More whole foods, vegetables, grains, legumes? Naturally, when you add these good-for-you ingredients, you eat less of what’s not as health-promoting,” she told CNN.

  3. Automatic takeoffs are coming for passenger jets and they’re going to redraw the map of the sky
    kra9 cc

    In late 1965, at what’s now London Heathrow airport, a commercial flight coming from Paris made history by being the first to land automatically.

    The plane – A Trident 1C operated by BEA, which would later become British Airways – was equipped with a newly developed extension of the autopilot (a system to help guide the plane’s path without manual control) known as “autoland.”

    Today, automatic landing systems are installed on most commercial aircraft and improve the safety of landings in difficult weather or poor visibility.

    Now, nearly 60 years later, the world’s third largest aircraft manufacturer, Brazil’s Embraer, is introducing a similar technology, but for takeoffs.

    Called “E2 Enhanced Take Off System,” after the family of aircraft it’s designed for, the technology would not only improve safety by reducing pilot workload, but it would also improve range and takeoff weight, allowing the planes that use it to travel farther, according to Embraer.

    “The system is better than the pilots,” says Patrice London, principal performance engineer at Embraer, who has worked on the project for over a decade. ”That’s because it performs in the same way all the time. If you do 1,000 takeoffs, you will get 1,000 of exactly the same takeoff.”

    Embraer, London adds, has already started flight testing, with the aim to get it approved by aviation authorities in 2025, before introducing it from select airports.

  4. You can now order your Spirit Halloween costume on Uber Eats
    kraken тор
    Uber is cashing in on spooky season.

    The ridehailing company will now deliver costumes, makeup, and even decorations from Spirit Halloween, the largest Halloween retailer in North America, Uber announced in a press release Friday.

    Big-box retailers are getting into Halloween earlier and earlier, suggesting American consumers continue spending on the October holiday even as they pull back from other discretionary purchases.

    Customers in the US and Canada can buy their Chipotle burrito costume for the same price as in store, but without having to visit the seasonal Halloween store that pops up in abandoned storefronts every year, Uber said. Of course, there will still be the fees associated with Uber Eats delivery.

    Spirit Halloween has 1,525 locations.

    “The holiday season officially kicks off this time of year, and households across the country are looking to on-demand delivery to get what’s needed—now,” said Beryl Sanders, director of US grocery and retail partnerships at Uber, in a statement.

    Since the pandemic, different types of retailers have partnered with Uber to deliver their goods – such as Olive Garden for its breadsticks and pasta. Uber Eats has also partnered with Big Lots, Lowe’s, Michael’s and Party City for on-demand delivery.

    Uber and its competitors have also experimented with robot deliveries, though those have not fully taken off in the US market.

  5. You can now order your Spirit Halloween costume on Uber Eats
    kraken marketplace
    Uber is cashing in on spooky season.

    The ridehailing company will now deliver costumes, makeup, and even decorations from Spirit Halloween, the largest Halloween retailer in North America, Uber announced in a press release Friday.

    Big-box retailers are getting into Halloween earlier and earlier, suggesting American consumers continue spending on the October holiday even as they pull back from other discretionary purchases.

    Customers in the US and Canada can buy their Chipotle burrito costume for the same price as in store, but without having to visit the seasonal Halloween store that pops up in abandoned storefronts every year, Uber said. Of course, there will still be the fees associated with Uber Eats delivery.

    Spirit Halloween has 1,525 locations.

    “The holiday season officially kicks off this time of year, and households across the country are looking to on-demand delivery to get what’s needed—now,” said Beryl Sanders, director of US grocery and retail partnerships at Uber, in a statement.

    Since the pandemic, different types of retailers have partnered with Uber to deliver their goods – such as Olive Garden for its breadsticks and pasta. Uber Eats has also partnered with Big Lots, Lowe’s, Michael’s and Party City for on-demand delivery.

    Uber and its competitors have also experimented with robot deliveries, though those have not fully taken off in the US market.

  6. Look of the Week: Forget the naked dress, Kendall Jenner makes the case for underwear as outerwear
    Кракен даркнет

    On Monday, Kendall Jenner stepped out onto the L’Oreal Paris womenswear runway in a scarlet red Mugler gown that might have looked familiar to anyone with a sharp memory of 1999.

    The front of the dress was slashed open across Jenner’s right shoulder, exposing a matching denier bra. The peekaboo moment conjured up memories of another example of fashionable flashing: Lil’ Kim’s purple embellished jumpsuit at the VMAs 26 years earlier. On the red carpet, Kim’s left breast was almost entirely revealed by an asymmetrical cut — a mirror image of Jenner’s neckline — save for a matching purple nipple pasty.
    Jenner’s Mugler moment was just the latest example of a resurging tendency for underwear as outerwear. At the Nensi Dojaka runway show in London earlier this month, boxy blazers were shrugged over strappy bras while paneled bustiers in sheer fabric were paired with capri trousers and reimagined as going out tops. Brasseries were even left exposed to the elements at Erdem — a departure for a house beloved by both British acting royalty (Kristen Scott Thomas) and actual royalty (the Duchess of Cambridge). Dolce & Gabbana got the memo, too, showing satin corsets, garter belts and Madonna-esque cone bras at Milan Fashion Week on Saturday. Florence Pugh even wore one of the label’s risque designs in her first British Vogue cover last week — the circle neckline of her puff-shouldered black dress scooping just above the belly button, acting as a full-frontal frame for her bra.
    But the trend extends beyond just the runways. During the first performance of her “Short n’ Sweet” tour on Monday, singer Sabrina Carpenter took to the stage in a custom Victoria’s Secret bodysuit and stockings. Hand-adorned with over 150,000 crystals, the strapless pink lace-trimmed leotard took over 140 hours to make. On Monday,YouTube star and singer Jojo Siwa inverted the fad by donning a codpiece for a headline-grabbing cover shoot with LadyGunn magazine. The 15th century undergarment was bedazzled with flesh-colored gemstones.

  7. You can now order your Spirit Halloween costume on Uber Eats
    kraken ссылка
    Uber is cashing in on spooky season.

    The ridehailing company will now deliver costumes, makeup, and even decorations from Spirit Halloween, the largest Halloween retailer in North America, Uber announced in a press release Friday.

    Big-box retailers are getting into Halloween earlier and earlier, suggesting American consumers continue spending on the October holiday even as they pull back from other discretionary purchases.

    Customers in the US and Canada can buy their Chipotle burrito costume for the same price as in store, but without having to visit the seasonal Halloween store that pops up in abandoned storefronts every year, Uber said. Of course, there will still be the fees associated with Uber Eats delivery.

    Spirit Halloween has 1,525 locations.

    “The holiday season officially kicks off this time of year, and households across the country are looking to on-demand delivery to get what’s needed—now,” said Beryl Sanders, director of US grocery and retail partnerships at Uber, in a statement.

    Since the pandemic, different types of retailers have partnered with Uber to deliver their goods – such as Olive Garden for its breadsticks and pasta. Uber Eats has also partnered with Big Lots, Lowe’s, Michael’s and Party City for on-demand delivery.

    Uber and its competitors have also experimented with robot deliveries, though those have not fully taken off in the US market.

  8. Look of the Week: Forget the naked dress, Kendall Jenner makes the case for underwear as outerwear
    кракен даркнет

    On Monday, Kendall Jenner stepped out onto the L’Oreal Paris womenswear runway in a scarlet red Mugler gown that might have looked familiar to anyone with a sharp memory of 1999.

    The front of the dress was slashed open across Jenner’s right shoulder, exposing a matching denier bra. The peekaboo moment conjured up memories of another example of fashionable flashing: Lil’ Kim’s purple embellished jumpsuit at the VMAs 26 years earlier. On the red carpet, Kim’s left breast was almost entirely revealed by an asymmetrical cut — a mirror image of Jenner’s neckline — save for a matching purple nipple pasty.
    Jenner’s Mugler moment was just the latest example of a resurging tendency for underwear as outerwear. At the Nensi Dojaka runway show in London earlier this month, boxy blazers were shrugged over strappy bras while paneled bustiers in sheer fabric were paired with capri trousers and reimagined as going out tops. Brasseries were even left exposed to the elements at Erdem — a departure for a house beloved by both British acting royalty (Kristen Scott Thomas) and actual royalty (the Duchess of Cambridge). Dolce & Gabbana got the memo, too, showing satin corsets, garter belts and Madonna-esque cone bras at Milan Fashion Week on Saturday. Florence Pugh even wore one of the label’s risque designs in her first British Vogue cover last week — the circle neckline of her puff-shouldered black dress scooping just above the belly button, acting as a full-frontal frame for her bra.
    But the trend extends beyond just the runways. During the first performance of her “Short n’ Sweet” tour on Monday, singer Sabrina Carpenter took to the stage in a custom Victoria’s Secret bodysuit and stockings. Hand-adorned with over 150,000 crystals, the strapless pink lace-trimmed leotard took over 140 hours to make. On Monday,YouTube star and singer Jojo Siwa inverted the fad by donning a codpiece for a headline-grabbing cover shoot with LadyGunn magazine. The 15th century undergarment was bedazzled with flesh-colored gemstones.

  9. You can now order your Spirit Halloween costume on Uber Eats
    кракен даркнет
    Uber is cashing in on spooky season.

    The ridehailing company will now deliver costumes, makeup, and even decorations from Spirit Halloween, the largest Halloween retailer in North America, Uber announced in a press release Friday.

    Big-box retailers are getting into Halloween earlier and earlier, suggesting American consumers continue spending on the October holiday even as they pull back from other discretionary purchases.

    Customers in the US and Canada can buy their Chipotle burrito costume for the same price as in store, but without having to visit the seasonal Halloween store that pops up in abandoned storefronts every year, Uber said. Of course, there will still be the fees associated with Uber Eats delivery.

    Spirit Halloween has 1,525 locations.

    “The holiday season officially kicks off this time of year, and households across the country are looking to on-demand delivery to get what’s needed—now,” said Beryl Sanders, director of US grocery and retail partnerships at Uber, in a statement.

    Since the pandemic, different types of retailers have partnered with Uber to deliver their goods – such as Olive Garden for its breadsticks and pasta. Uber Eats has also partnered with Big Lots, Lowe’s, Michael’s and Party City for on-demand delivery.

    Uber and its competitors have also experimented with robot deliveries, though those have not fully taken off in the US market.

  10. Look of the Week: Forget the naked dress, Kendall Jenner makes the case for underwear as outerwear
    kraken тор браузер

    On Monday, Kendall Jenner stepped out onto the L’Oreal Paris womenswear runway in a scarlet red Mugler gown that might have looked familiar to anyone with a sharp memory of 1999.

    The front of the dress was slashed open across Jenner’s right shoulder, exposing a matching denier bra. The peekaboo moment conjured up memories of another example of fashionable flashing: Lil’ Kim’s purple embellished jumpsuit at the VMAs 26 years earlier. On the red carpet, Kim’s left breast was almost entirely revealed by an asymmetrical cut — a mirror image of Jenner’s neckline — save for a matching purple nipple pasty.
    Jenner’s Mugler moment was just the latest example of a resurging tendency for underwear as outerwear. At the Nensi Dojaka runway show in London earlier this month, boxy blazers were shrugged over strappy bras while paneled bustiers in sheer fabric were paired with capri trousers and reimagined as going out tops. Brasseries were even left exposed to the elements at Erdem — a departure for a house beloved by both British acting royalty (Kristen Scott Thomas) and actual royalty (the Duchess of Cambridge). Dolce & Gabbana got the memo, too, showing satin corsets, garter belts and Madonna-esque cone bras at Milan Fashion Week on Saturday. Florence Pugh even wore one of the label’s risque designs in her first British Vogue cover last week — the circle neckline of her puff-shouldered black dress scooping just above the belly button, acting as a full-frontal frame for her bra.
    But the trend extends beyond just the runways. During the first performance of her “Short n’ Sweet” tour on Monday, singer Sabrina Carpenter took to the stage in a custom Victoria’s Secret bodysuit and stockings. Hand-adorned with over 150,000 crystals, the strapless pink lace-trimmed leotard took over 140 hours to make. On Monday,YouTube star and singer Jojo Siwa inverted the fad by donning a codpiece for a headline-grabbing cover shoot with LadyGunn magazine. The 15th century undergarment was bedazzled with flesh-colored gemstones.

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  14. The man turning jet planes into cool houses
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    Wasilla, south central Alaska. Home to bears, lakes, mountains and a flight school that’s fast becoming a private aviation wonderland.

    At FLY8MA Pilot Lodge, you can opt for a scenic flight tour with glacier views, take the controls for a flying lesson, or go all in and get your pilot training.

    When night falls over the broad vistas of the US state they call the Last Frontier, you can then climb the steps to two unique accommodation experiences: a converted McDonnell Douglas DC-6 airplane and the newest arrival, a McDonnell Douglas DC-9 – still with its DHL livery.

    The fast-developing site is an ongoing project by FLY8MA founder Jon Kotwicki, who previously owned a flight school in Florida, before working as a commercial pilot and eventually ending up in Alaska.

    Flying for the airlines “pays good money and everything, but it’s a very boring job,” he says. “Driving Uber is more interesting because you could talk to your passengers.”

    Having fallen in love with the south central region on a vacation spent hiking, fishing and spotting bears and grizzlies, he chose it as a spot where he and his team – and his trusty Pomeranian dog Foxtrot – could “buy a lot of property and perhaps develop our own airport and run our own show.”

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    Andrewdrure

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